Sustainable Decision-Making in a Low-Carbon Supply Chain: Fairness Preferences and Green Investment

This study investigates optimal decisions in a low-carbon supply chain consisting of manufacturer and leading retailer considering the green investment fairness preferences member firms. Four Stackelberg game decision models are constructed, which engage separately when has does not have preferences. The impacts on comparatively analysed. results show that firms regardless presence or absence this behaviour increases wholesale price, retail market demand products as well profits chain. A more interesting finding is profit growth due to manufacturer’s manufacturing practices pronounced than retailer’s marketing practices. When investment, different effects demand, level efforts, enterprises Therefore, should consider impact making pricing performance achieve efficient operation whole prevent double marginal effects. Finally, above conclusions verified through numerical simulation, providing reference for decision-making